It is also used to refer to Axum, the ancient capital and religious centre of Ethiopian Orthodox Christians, or to its primary church, called Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion. ), maize, cereals, wheat, sorghum, milk, barley, sweet potatoes, roots/tubers nes, sugar cane, millet, food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, garments, chemicals, metals processing, cement, agriculture: 72.7%industry: 7.4%services: 19.9% (2013 est. 1895) were so often appropriated by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the Pan-African colors; the emblem in the center of the current flag was added in 1996, Abyssinian lion (traditional), yellow pentagram with five rays of light on a blue field (promoted by current government); national colors: green, yellow, red, name: "Whedefit Gesgeshi Woud Enat Ethiopia" (March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia)lyrics/music: DEREJE Melaku Mengesha/SOLOMON Lulunote: adopted 1992, total World Heritage Sites: 9 (8 cultural, 1 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela (c); Simien National Park (n); Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region (c); Axum (c); Lower Valley of the Awash (c); Lower Valley of the Omo (c); Tiya (c); Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town (c); Konso Cultural Landscape (c), growing Horn of Africa construction- and services-based economy; port access via Djibouti and Eritrea; widespread but declining poverty; COVID-19, locust invasion, and Tigray crisis disruptions; public investment increases; second largest African labor force, $278.945 billion (2021 est. In Ethiopia, it is customary for large crowds to gather on the last week of November at the country's holiest site, the Church of St Mary of Zion in Axum.Every year, followers of the ancient Ethiopian Orthodox faith, who constitute roughly 60% of the population, join each other to celebrate the presence of the Ark of the Covenant in what is one of Ethiopia's most important religious . The modern name Ethiopia is from the Greek term Aethiopia used to translate Kush, and was applied to all of Sub-Saharan Africa, including what is now Sudan, but with a few classical geographers giving more detailed descriptions of present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea (e.g. [40] In the late fifteenth century Adal Sultanate invaded Abyssinia led by Imam Mahfuz, his defeat brought about the early 16th century Jihad of the Adalese Imam Ahmed Gran against Ethiopia, where several churches were demolished.[41]. 2021). Demographic profile: Ethiopia is a predominantly agricultural country - more than 80% of the population lives in rural areas - that is in the early stages of demographic transition. Ethiopia is a nation with many religions, Ethiopian orthodox being one of the oldest churches in the country.. ETHIOPIA 2021 ETHIOPIA RELIGIONS Christians Area 1,104,300 Km2 GDP per capita 1,730 US$ Population 112,759,070 GINI INDEX* *Economic Inequality 35 Other Ethnoreligionists 0.2% . Ethiopia's last census estimated that 43.5 percent of Ethiopians identify as Orthodox Christian, 33.9 percent as Muslim, and 18.6 percent as Protestant. Events in Tigray mirror some of the violations endured by . The ARDA Data Archive is a collection of surveys, polls, and other data submitted by researchers. Meanwhile Sunni Muslims, who represent )$7.588 billion (2019 est. #topreligioninethiopia #topreligion #dataplayerHelp to get 10. Submit an article Journal homepage. The most recent census, conducted in 2007, estimated 44 percent of the population adheres to the EOTC, 34 percent are Sunni Muslim, and 19 percent belong to evangelical Christian and Pentecostal groups. . The Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA) is responsible for the statistical data generation related to the socio-economic condition of the country. ), total subscriptions: 1.252 million (2020 est. )29.07 (2019 est. 2007 census, 2022 projection 65% of girls and women (15-49) have undergone FGM/C (47.1% in age . )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Population Size of Towns by Sex July 2022. 2020 estimate). )8.36% (2019 est. The number of Muslims in Ethiopia rose from 17.4 million in 1994 to 25 million in 2007. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church is an Oriental Orthodox Church, which is the largest Christian denomination in Ethiopia. )permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est. ; Ethiopia 2020 population is estimated at 114,963,588 people at mid year according to UN data. [6] Islam is the second most followed religion, with 33.9% of the population being adherents. Internal and international trafficking of women and children for domestic work and prostitution is a growing problem. According to 2016 U.S. government estimates, 44 percent of the population adheres to the EOTC, 31 percent are Sunni Muslim, and 23 percent belong to evangelical Christian and Pentecostal groups, including the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church, and Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus. ), total subscriptions: 44.5 million (2020 est. Today, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, part of Oriental Orthodoxy, is by far the largest denomination, though a number of Protestants (P'ent'ay) churches have recently gained ground. conomic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is set to decelerate from 4.1% in 2021 to 3.3 . in November 2021, the Ethiopian . ; Ethiopia ranks number 12 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by . The largest numbers of practitioners of traditional religions are in the SNNPR (about 993,000 people) and Oromia (895,000). The World Bank is helping to fight poverty and improve living standards in Ethiopia. )other alcohols: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. In the early fourteenth century Emperor Amda Seyon launched a crusade against the neighboring Muslim state of Ifat Sultanate, several mosques were demolished. ), total: 212,000 (2020 est. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49, 401 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. The world's most religious country is actually a 7 way tie between Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Malawi, Niger, Sri Lanka, and Yemen. People Groups. While the use of modern contraceptive methods among married women has increased significantly from 6 percent in 2000 to 27 percent in 2012, the overall rate is still quite low. Poverty, drought, political repression, and forced government resettlement have driven Ethiopias internal and external migration since the 1960s. )transmission/distribution losses: 3.374 billion kWh (2019 est. Roughly two-thirds of the Ethiopian population identifies as Christian and one-third is Muslim. [4] Ethiopia was the only region of Africa to survive the expansion of Islam as a Christian state.[5]. In general, most of the Christians (largely members of the non-Chalcedonian Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church) live in the highlands, while Muslims and adherents of traditional African religions tend to inhabit more lowland regions in the east and south of the country. Jacob: 6. Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.). [26] As of 2016[update] the largest Bah community is in Addis Ababa. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. Since the 18th century there has existed a relatively small (uniate) Ethiopian Catholic Church in full communion with Rome, with adherents making up less than 1% of the total population.[3]. Fourth Round Census Questioner. 103 Seid, Tafesse, and Ali., Ethiopia Agrarian Economy. Abyssinia is also mentioned in the Qur'an and Hadith. As of 1 January 2023, the population of Ethiopia was estimated to be 122,365,736 people. )arable land: 15.2% (2018 est. Mazaa (a pseudonym), a 44-year-old who runs a K-8 school with her husband outside of Addis Ababa, has tried to share her concerns about the grave suffering of Tigrayans with fellow evangelicals. The World Religion Database (WRD) contains detailed statistics on religious affiliation for every country of the world. )3.24% (2020 est. Goals include promoting rapid economic growth and improving service delivery. )$26.269 billion (2018 est. Islam plays an important role in the daily lives of the Muslims of Bangladesh (about 88% of Bangladesh's population). [24] The Association of Religion Data Archives estimated that there were around 23,000 Bah adherents in 2010. )female: 1.3% (2020 est. 2 0 obj The regions of Ethiopia as well as all cities and towns with more than 20,000 inhabitants. )0.6% of GDP (2019 est.) gle religious denomination (44 percent), is particularly dominant in the Tigray and Amhara regions and in some parts of Oromia. A number of towns (such as Awassa, Nazareth, Mekele, Zway and Shashemenie) and rural areas in Oromia and the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR) have active and growing Bah communities. March 5, 2021 12:12 PM ET. Islam is also the official religion of this country, which has one of the largest Muslim . [11], The Kingdom of Aksum was one of the first nations to officially accept Christianity, when St. Frumentius of Tyre, called Fremnatos or Abba Selama ("Father of Peace") in Ethiopia, converted King Ezana during the 4th century AD. )solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation and particularly in terms of gender as women make up a high percentage of our staff and are encouraged to apply. Between 1982 and 1991 there was a new wave of migration to the West for family reunification. 1.58%. As per the World Population Prospects, 2019 by the United Nations, the population of Ethiopia in 2023 is 126,527,060 (12.6 crore or 126 million) Source: World Population Prospects 2022. read about Top Countries in Africa. . In this video made by the channel "Statistics and Data" you can see the evolution of the data from 1945 to 2020. Typically, persecution varies depending upon where one lives. )2.33% (2019 est. )permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est. Since the defeat of the Derg in 1991, Ethiopians have migrated to escape violence among some of the countrys myriad ethnic groups or to pursue economic opportunities. F/qq4 *p0I6La~^}(5&_ILN]k-6u}yy}n41y.uTnxBRj"i@E`T|X4x+rd%Ru/dC$ )jFn(('5]Oe2HBF&\H-)(q*pJA}d7Jo. <>/Metadata 145 0 R/ViewerPreferences 146 0 R>> The vision of the CSA is to be a center of excellence in . [9][10] Orthodox Ethiopian Christians are predominant in the Tigray (95.6%) and Amhara (82.5%), while the majority of Protestants live in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region or SNNPR (55.5% of the inhabitants) and the Oromia Region (4.8 million or 17.7%). )$19.227 billion (2019 est. The Beta Israel, also known as the Falashas (though this term is considered derogatory), are a long-isolated group of African Jews who have lived in Ethiopia since antiquity. Ethiopia Country Overview | World Health Organization. ), number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 75annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 11,501,244 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 2,089,280,000 (2018) mt-km, total: 17over 3,047 m: 32,438 to 3,047 m: 81,524 to 2,437 m: 4under 914 m: 2 (2021), total: 402,438 to 3,047 m: 31,524 to 2,437 m: 9914 to 1,523 m: 20under 914 m: 8 (2021), total: 659 km (2017) (Ethiopian segment of the 756 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)standard gauge: 659 km (2017) 1.435-m gaugenote: electric railway with redundant power supplies; under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia and managed by a Chinese contractor, total: 11by type: general cargo 9, oil tanker 2 (2020), Ethiopia is landlocked and uses the ports of Djibouti in Djibouti and Berbera in Somalia, Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF): Ground Forces, Ethiopian Air Force (Ye Ityopya Ayer Hayl, ETAF); Ministry of Peace: Ethiopian Federal Police (EFP) (2022)note 1: in 2020 the Ethiopian Government announced it had re-established a navy, which had been disbanded in 1996; in March 2019, Ethiopia signed a defense cooperation agreement with France which stipulated that France would support the establishment of an Ethiopian navy, which would reportedly be based out of Djiboutinote 2: in 2018, Ethiopia established a Republican Guard military unit responsible to the Prime Minister for protecting senior officialsnote 3: each of the states have regional and/or a "special" paramilitary security and police forces that report to regional civilian authorities and operate separately from federal forces; local militias operate across the country in loose and varying coordination with these regional security and police forces, the ENDF, and the EFP; there have been some calls for these regional paramilitary forces to be incorporated into the ENDF and EFP, 0.5% of GDP (2021 est. [3] According to the government's most recent census from 2007, Christians constitute 62.8% of the total population, with the largest group being Ethiopian Orthodox Christians at 43.5%, followed by Protestants 18.6% and Catholics at 0.7%. In 2018, 50% of adults polled said they belonged to a religious congregation, down sharply from the 70% who said so as recently as 1999. However, it is also one of the poorest, with a per capita gross national income of $960. )expenditures: $13.79 billion (2017 est. (AP . [3] Haile Selassie's government reportedly concealed the actual figures of the Muslim population in order to present Ethiopia as a Christian nation to the outside world. The solicitation is expected to be released in October 2021 and awarded in May 2022. [9] The rise of Islamic extremists account for much of the violent persecution in Ethiopia. 1 0 obj [citation needed], An estimated 2.6% of Ethiopia's population adheres to various traditional faiths, according to the 2007 census (down from 4.6% in the 1994 census data). )34.927 (2020 est. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Global data and statistics, research and publications, and topics in poverty and development . Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936 to 1941. Density. )from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. 109 MoE. )male: 8.8% (2020 est. Box 1014, Addis Ababamailing address: 2030 Addis Ababa Place, Washington DC 20521-2030telephone: [251] 111-30-60-00FAX: [251] 111-24-24-01email address and website: AddisACS@state.govhttps://et.usembassy.gov/, three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red, with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; green represents hope and the fertility of the land, yellow symbolizes justice and harmony, while red stands for sacrifice and heroism in the defense of the land; the blue of the disk symbolizes peace and the pentagram represents the unity and equality of the nationalities and peoples of Ethiopianote: Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag (adopted ca. One ethnic Tigrayan in the diaspora has been compiling a list of names of those killed in Ethiopia's year-long war. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. chief of state: President SAHLE-WORK Zewde (since 25 October 2018)head of government: Prime Minister ABIY Ahmed Ali (since April 2018); Deputy Prime Minister DEMEKE Mekonnen Hassen (since 29 November 2012)cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representativeselections/appointments: president indirectly elected by both chambers of Parliament for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); election held on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (the scheduled 29 August 2020 election was postponed by Prime Minister ABIY due to the COVID-19 pandemic); prime minister designated by the majority party following legislative electionselection results: 2021: SAHLE-WORK elected president during joint session of Parliament, vote - 659 (unanimous); ABIY confirmed Prime Minister by House of Peoples' Representatives (4 October 2021)2018: SAHLE-WORK elected president during joint session of Parliament, vote - 659 (unanimous); note - snap election held on 25 October 2018 due to resignation of President MULATA Teshomenote: SAHLE-WORK Zewde is the first female elected head of state in Ethiopia; she is currently the only female president in Africa. Population Density. The conflict in Tigray is predicated on ethnicity rather than creed. )-$2.719 billion (2020 est. stream A subsequent 2007 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) demarcation was rejected by Ethiopia. [34], In the Hadith, Prophet Mohammed explicitly prohibited jihad against the Abyssinians as long as they were not hostile to Muslims. Christianity is the predominant religion in Ethiopia with a total of 61.6% of the population. . Video: Counting Ethiopia's War Dead. According to the most recent 2007 CSA governmental data, Muslims are 33.9% of the population,[3] up from 32.8% in 1994 (according to the census data of that year). The number for Ukraine, by the way, includes all groups claiming to be Orthodox. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. ), total: 32.44 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 37.13 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 27.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. It is a crime in Ethiopia to incite one religion against another. )-$5.025 billion (2019 est. ), 19.3 years (2019 est. Holy Trinity Ethiopian Orthodox Cathedral, Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, travel to Ethiopia via modern-day Eritrea, "Population and Housing Census of 1994: Religion", Ethiopia: International Religious Freedom Report, 2007, Ethiopia: International Religious Freedom Report 2006, "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census", https://web.archive.org/web/20090305231227/http://www.csa.gov.et/pdf/Cen2007_firstdraft.pdf, "The Bah Faith: 18441963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Bah Teaching & Consolidation Plan 19531963", "North American Bah Choir in Ethiopia 2009", "Families and youth identified as keys to reducing poverty", "Five arrested for attack on mosques in Ethiopia's Amhara region", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Ethiopia&oldid=1139836593, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2015, Articles with incomplete citations from February 2015, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the World Factbook, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 04:25. The core characteristics and beliefs of the world's major religions are described below. % The most recent general statistical information about religious groups. [3] Neither in the 2007 census, nor in the 1994 census, were responses reported in further detail: for example, those who identified themselves as Hindus, Jewish, Bah, agnostics or atheists were counted as "Other". [20] Mr. Sabri Elais, then a 27-year-old Bah' from Alexandria, Egypt, introduced the Bah Faith to Ethiopia in 1933. Demographics of Ethiopia 2022. )proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est. At the time of the 2007 census, 43.5% of the population identified as Ethiopian. and its projected population for 2021 was 104,477,000 people. [8][13] total: 1,104,300 sq kmland: 1,096,570 sq kmwater: 7,730 sq kmnote: area numbers are approximate since a large portion of the Ethiopia-Somalia border is undefined, slightly less than twice the size of Texas, total: 5,925 kmborder countries (6): Djibouti 342 km; Eritrea 1,033 km; Kenya 867 km; Somalia 1,640 km; South Sudan 1,299 km; Sudan 744 km, tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation, high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley, highest point: Ras Dejen 4,550 mlowest point: Danakil Depression -125 mmean elevation: 1,330 m, small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower, agricultural land: 36.3% (2018 est. )30.1% of GDP (2017 est. 0-14 years: 38.91% (male 22,821,026/female 22,498,331)15-64 years: 57.55% (male 33,345,764/female 33,672,933)65 years and over: 3.54% (2023 est.) Because of this, Africa is now home to some of the world's largest Christian and Muslim communities. Infant, child, and maternal mortality have fallen sharply over the past decade, but the total fertility rate has declined more slowly and the population continues to grow. . 1935-1941 - Italy deposes Emperor Haile Selassie and annexes Ethiopia, before being driven out by British, Commonwealth and Ethiopian forces. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 376 pharmacy students in Northwest Ethiopia between July 15 and August 27, 2022. . . 107 CMT HW 25 December 2014. Major religion(s): Country major religions. )beer: 0.92 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Mathematics & Statistics; Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health; Museum and Heritage Studies; ), total population: 68.59 yearsmale: 66.43 yearsfemale: 70.81 years (2023 est. It has 31.8 million first language speakers and around 25 million second language speakers (out of a total population of 115 million people). After this, Operation Moses and Operation Solomon, conducted in 1984 and 1991, respectively, airlifted the vast majority of the Ethiopian Jewish population to Israel, where there is currently a population of 150,000 Beta Israel. According to the Barnabas Fund, 55 churches were torched in March 2011 in the Jimma Zone by Muslims after a dispute. [31] U.S ambassador David H. Shinn stated in 2005 that the Ethiopian leadership continued to be largely Christian. )$2,300 (2020 est. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled in 1991 by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). )services: 43.6% (2017 est. ), production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Islam was in 2007 the second largest religion in Ethiopia with over 33.9% of the population. ), household consumption: 69.6% (2017 est. Many believe that the Gospel had entered Ethiopia even earlier, with the royal official described as being baptised by Philip the Evangelist in chapter eight of the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 8:2639). ), -$4.507 billion (2021 est. ), total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est. [23] By 1963, there were seven localities with smaller groups of Bahs in the country. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 26.84% (2021 est. make up the remaining 0.6%. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia's capital city, is home to about 443,821 Muslims or 16.2%. Muslim > Muslim percentage of total population: Muslim percentage (%) of total population 2014 Pew Report. Islam in Ethiopia dates back to the founding of the religion; in 615, when a group of Muslims were counseled by Muhammad to escape persecution in Mecca and travel to Ethiopia via modern-day Eritrea, which was ruled by Ashama ibn Abjar, a pious Christian king. 2007 census, 2022 projection. The majority of the remaining 11% come from the next ten countries: Italy, 2.2 million. ), forest revenues: 5.81% of GDP (2018 est. )27.429 (2018 est. used to collect data. )agricultural: 9.687 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Oromo (official working language in the State of Oromiya) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official working language of the State of Sumale) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official working language of the State of Tigray) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official working language of the State of Afar) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (2007 est. )$264.059 billion (2020 est. Moths Turned Eagles, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahs of Ethiopia. Before the publication of the 2007 census results, however, the U.S. State Department estimated that "approximately 45 percent of the population is Sunni Muslim. [citation needed] The numerous indigenous African religions in Ethiopia operate mainly in the far southwest and western borderlands. Ethiopia Religion, Economy and Politics. The violence is often dated to November 2020, when the federal government and the region's political party, the Tigray People's Liberation Front, entered into armed conflict at the government ' s Northern Command. Islam now accounts for nearly forty percent of the population and is growing. 3 0 obj Churches are treated as very sacred spaces. )government consumption: 10% (2017 est. (male 1,887,831/female 2,236,827), total dependency ratio: 75.7youth dependency ratio: 70.2elderly dependency ratio: 5.5potential support ratio: 18.1 (2021 est. xkSH{_[u[TBZlU],/&Bfu vv eezrm^x?jS~EzGeE_HRx 7 8py,.U^y7 B}$cGAJ_qt$8^{)1A_!Bxt )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The Danish Refugee Council (DRC), an international non-governmental organization (NGO), has been providing relief and development services in the Horn of Africa . Overview. Powered by a $48 million partnership, the two organizations and several other consortium partners will leverage their combined experience and expertise to co-create and replicate Gebeya's . ), lowest 10%: 4.1%highest 10%: 25.6% (2005), revenues: $11.24 billion (2017 est. Christian, 33.9% identified as Muslim and 18.5% identified as Protestant Christian . . <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> miles). Moldova, 3.7 million. Population Size by Sex Zone and Wereda July 2022. [2] There is also a longstanding but small Jewish community. While many Ethiopians claim that the Bible references of Kush apply to their own ancient civilization, pointing out that the Gihon river, a name for the Nile, is said to flow through the land, some scholars believe that the use of the term referred to the Kingdom of Kush in particular, or Africa outside of Egypt in general. note: data are in current year dollars$17.17 billion (2020 est. ), $2,300 (2021 est. Orthodox Christianity has a long history in Ethiopia dating back to the 1st century, and is dominant in northern and central Ethiopia. Fifty years ago, in 1971, 90% of U.S. adults identified with a Christian religion, 6% were non-Christian or another religion, and 4% did not have a religious . [ONLINE] Available at: Hassan, Gamal (2008). [3], Ethiopia is the spiritual homeland of the Rastafari movement, whose adherents believe Ethiopia is Zion. 4 Islam is the second-largest religious group in Ethiopia, at 34 percent, with Orthodox Christians at 44 percent and Protestant Christians at 19 percent. Ethiopia aims to reach lower-middle-income status by 2025. [12] Some Israeli and Jewish scholars consider these Ethiopian Jews as a historical Lost Tribe of Israel (SOURCE NEEDED). ), fresh water lake(s): Lake Tana - 3,600 sq km; Abaya Hayk - 1,160 sq km; Ch'amo Hayk - 550 sq kmsalt water lake(s): Lake Turkana (shared with Kenya) - 6,400 sq km; Abhe Bid Hayk/Abhe Bad (shared with Djibouti) - 780 sq km;, Blue Nile river source (shared with Sudan [m]) - 1,600 kmnote [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth, Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km), Ogaden-Juba Basin, Sudd Basin (Umm Ruwaba Aquifer), highest density is found in the highlands of the north and middle areas of the country, particularly around the centrally located capital city of Addis Ababa; the far east and southeast are sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map, geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts, volcanism: volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (613 m), which has caused frequent lava flows in recent years, is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, forcing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir, note 1: landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopianote 2: three major crops may have originated in Ethiopia: coffee (almost certainly), grain sorghum, and castor bean, Oromo 35.8%, Amhara 24.1%, Somali 7.2%, Tigray 5.7%, Sidama 4.1%, Guragie 2.6%, Welaita 2.3%, Afar 2.2%, Silte 1.3%, Kefficho 1.2%, other 13.5% (2022 est.).