Many needs are learned. For example, it is difficult for researchers to ascertain when interaction with others satisfies our need for acceptance and when it satisfies our need for recognition. They differ in that they feel best when they have influenced a work group to achieve the groups goals, and not some personal agenda. To act for fun without further purpose. b. Adherence and familiarity with only one theory. According to Maslow, lower-order needs are: As with nAch, nAff varies in intensity across individuals. b) improved working conditions Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. c) Hygiene factors do not prevent job dissatisfaction from occurring. Orem believes there are two types of human beings: those who need nursing care and those who produce it. They build empires, and they protect them. Give examples. 58. Watson's carative factors include all the following, EXCEPT: A. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. b) Self-actualization and esteem cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)b. Murray studied many different needs, but very few in any detail. To put things in order. d) The presence of motivator factors in a job contributes to a person's job performance. Since content theories suggest that motivation results from individual needs, managers should __________. d) the order of needs in the hierarchy may differ across cultures. Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? On StuDocu you will find over 6300 lecture notes, summaries and assignments from LU, to help you pass your exams. To snub or jilt an object. Intrinsic rewards satisfy higher-order needs like relatedness and growth in ERG theory. Content theories of motivation mainly focus on the physiological and psychological deficiencies that people feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate. To attack, injure, or kill another. So, when is this need good, and when is it bad? . d) Goal setting e) inducements. 2017. RBS boosts employee motivation and engagement through its CSR approach. employee benefits. 6. When theyre present in sufficient quantities, we avoid dissatisfaction, but they do not contribute to satisfaction. e) ERG theory focuses on the consequences of an individual's behavior, whereas Maslow's theory does not. d) People are less comfortable when they are under-rewarded than when they are over-rewarded. Question 8. Job context factors include all of the following except. The Victims' Rights Movement. c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. Find the amount of interest that could be earned in a savings account and a certificate of deposit account. a) hygiene factors are associated with the job context or work setting. c. He relied on correlational methods. That means that the employer should help employees satisfy lower-order needs like safety and security and social needs. Which of the following is true of the use of Maslow's needs hierarchy? One major implication of Herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory is the somewhat counterintuitive idea that managers should focus more on motivators than on hygienes. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. c.) An individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. c. two-factor theory. c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards e) Esteem, Sharon, a member of a book club, a sewing club, and a tennis club strives to maintain strong interpersonal relationships. They represent a continuing process of self-development and self-improvement that, once satisfied on one dimension (painting), create motivation to continue on other dimensions (sculpting). Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on goal-oriented rewards and punishments, top-down goals, goals that are easily stated in objective terms, and individual instead of group goals. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. Manifest needs dominate our other needs. c) Esteem The need for affiliation contributes to managerial success only in those situations where the maintenance of warm group relations is as important as getting others to work toward group goals. Earrings Depot records bad debt using the allowance, balance sheet method. To adhere and remain loyal to a friend. According to Maslow, lower-level needs must be satisfied before high-level needs can be achieved. b) organizational policies and administration. c) It can vary across cultures. Maslows theory differs from others that preceded it because of this hierarchical, prepotency concept. The two main psychological developmental theories include continuous and discontinuous development. a) Acquired needs Once satisfied, challenging jobs, additional responsibilities, and prestigious job titles can help employees satisfy higher-order esteem needs. e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. b.) The answer is, the success of many organizations is dependent on the nAch levels of their employees.6 This is especially true for jobs that require self-motivation and managing others. In contrast, he can exert a lot of effort and still not catch a fish. d) improving hygiene factors will prevent people from being dissatisfied. Other companies have made social responsibility an everyday part of what they do. Job enrichment programs are among the many direct results of his research. microbiology lab final exam answers wordpress com, symbiosis microbiology lab manual pearson answers, microbiology lab manual growth medium sterilization, biology 1010 lab manual answers wordpress com, biol 230 laboratory manual the grapes . To quit embarrassing situations or to avoid conditions that may lead to belittlement or the scorn or indifference of others. To revenge an injury. true. An example of commutative justice occurs when all parties in a sexual harassment complaint perceive themselves as having full access to all the available facts and information. The theories then discuss motivation in terms of filling these needs. d. Appraisal of the empirical evidence for and against the selected theory for the case at hand. Which of the following comparisons of Alderfer's ERG theory and Maslow's needs hierarchy is correct? c) internalized negative inequity Reinforcement Motivator factors involve our long-term need to pursue psychological growth (much like Maslows esteem and self-actualization needs). To have sexual intercourse. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Theyre constantly trying to accomplish something. e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. __________ is the process of developing, negotiating, and formalizing the targets or objectives that a person is responsible for accomplishing. According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job satisfaction EXCEPT: Individual therapy meets the standard of best practices when it includes all of the following EXCEPT. ______________ is classified as a content theory. In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. All of the following are content theories EXCEPT: a. operant conditioning b. SDT theory c. ERG theory d. Motivator/Hygiene theory e. Maslow's theory Jan 21 2022 | 05:07 AM | Solved Glenna Pfannerstill Verified Expert 7 Votes 1013 Answers financial assets include all of the following, except? SDT theory has interesting implications for the management of organizational behavior. b) Hierarchy of needs theory a) Expectations, relationships, and goals c) affiliation action therapy h. Therapy style that results from combining elements of several different therapy techniques. Jason Mackenzie Alexander argues morality is a form of social technology - it is context specific and it can go out-of-date a) research evidence suggests that the needs in Maslow's hierarchy exist in a flexible rather than rigid order. a) achievement Therefore, the more we satisfy our growth need, the more important it becomes and the more strongly we are motivated to satisfy it. What is the bad debt estimation for the year using the balance sheet method? To have ones needs gratified by the sympathetic aid of an allied object. When a person is behaving in a way that satisfies some need, Murray called the need manifest. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. 50. According to CB Bhattacharya, the Pietro Ferrero Chair in Sustainability at ESMT European School of Management and Technology in Berlin, Germany, employment engagement, or how positive employees feel about their current job, was at an all-time low globally in 2016: 13 percent. Organizations have held this out as a chief motivator for decades!) The diversity of the living world is staggering. SDT would suggest that the primary way to motivate high performance for such jobs is to make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. But, once those esteem needs are satisfied, Maslow predicted that self-actualization needs would dominate. c) When a person will react to specific management styles c) Existence, relatedness, and growth Achievement needs become manifest when individuals experience certain types of situations. a) Safety, social, physiological, esteem, and self-actualization e) Frederick Herzberg. b.) probable effect that this will have on 2017. Giving Back. https://bombas.com/pages/giving-back, Knowledge @ Wharton. 48. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. But what if Lucretia also has a need to dominate others? a) only one need may be activated at the same time b) instrumentalities Equity Why or why not? The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. In your position, you serve on committees with people from outside of your organizational units and attend professional meetings. To oppose forcefully or punish another. 53. Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. b) Equity In the case of extrinsic motivation, we endeavor to acquire something that satisfies a lower-order need. VOID WHERE PROHIBITED. Other people have lower affiliation needs. To separate oneself from a negatively valued object. c) hygiene factors d. Ken Wilbur. So what motivates employees to give their all, work creatively, and be fully engaged? b) People with a high need for power are drawn to interpersonal relationships and opportunities for communication. To praise, honor, or eulogize. ______ needs tend to take on higher importance in collectivist societies. Companies benefit from reduced waste and increased employee engagement. Henry A. Murray recognized this problem and condensed the list into a few instinctive and learned needs.3 Instincts, which Murray called primary needs, include physiological needs for food, water, sex (procreation), urination, and so on. Once satisfied, we focus on our ego and esteem needs. e) It is too culture bound. The second component, frustration, occurs when we attempt but fail to satisfy a particular need. To exclude, abandon, expel, or remain indifferent to an inferior object. c. contingency. c) affiliation <p>Official Rules</p> <p>NO PURCHASE NECESSARY TO ENTER OR WIN. Could we detect that need from her current behavior? To feed, help, support, console, protect, comfort, nurse, heal. Given the success of the program, in 2017 it was expanded to all RBS sites and a smartphone app was added to help employees participate in the challenges (Barton 2017). e) social needs tend to be dominant in more collectivist societies. Social comparison is the basic foundation of which theory? Biology questions and answers. ) Matching b. Verifiability c . d) specific goals lead to lower performance The Anti-Immigration Protests. To ask or answer general questions. a.) Bitcoin or net neutrality, sea levels or factory farmingsocial causes bind us to a larger context or assume a higher purpose for living better. With its purpose and goals defined, it can then educate the workforce on sustainable methods to create knowledge and competence. c) Two-factor theory b) Higher-order needs become less important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. To form and further an erotic relationship. Some jobs are by their very nature uninteresting and unlikely to be made interesting. AC78.6 ac midterm examinations theories. b.) Genetic Theory of Aging. c.) Expectancy a) Esteem, social, and safety a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence b) self esteem a) Reinforcement d) Equity Two features of needs are key to understanding motivation. Kohlberg's theory of moral development Piaget's stages of cognitive development Erikson's stages of psychosocial development Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development The unique feature of Herzbergs theory is that job conditions that prevent dissatisfaction do not cause satisfaction. Second, once we have satisfied a need, it ceases to motivate us. a) It is not pertinent for cultures outside of the United States. [2] In addition to individual differences in development, developmental psychologists generally agree that development occurs in an orderly way and in different areas simultaneously. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. e) Esteem, relationships, and growth. e) feeling of personal growth. c) top-down goals. a) the length of time a person sticks with a given action. 67. According to Alderfer, which needs reflect a desire for satisfying interpersonal relationships? citation tool such as, Authors: David S. Bright, Anastasia H. Cortes. SDT takes the concepts of extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation further than the other need theories. a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. This need is oriented toward fulfilling responsibilities to the employer, not to the self. A motive is a source of motivation; it is the need that a person is attempting to satisfy. The group-level approach is generally superior to the individual-level approach in assessing leader effectiveness. Those are the needs at the bottom of the pyramid (physiological, safety, and security). Because when he digs a hole, he gets results. D) a constant intensity. Maslow went on to propose five basic types of human needs. Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? To please and win affection of a coveted object. b. through empirical analysis. a) expectancy d) improving hygiene factors will prevent people from being dissatisfied. b) the amount of effort a person puts forth The basis behind this theory is that segments of DNA that occur at the . b) Stajkovic, Locke, and Blair a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. Question 13 0 / 1 pts Content theories tend to: None of these Type: MC You Answered emphasize whether persistence will prevail provide a reasonable balance of direction and intensity focus on the intensity portion of motivation Correct Answer emphasize the direction component of motivation d. A disaster may have a known and gradual onset Disasters frequently result in all of the following EXCEPT a. If motivator needs are ignored, neither long-term satisfaction nor high motivation is likely. To conceal or justify a misdeed, failure, or humiliation. All of the following statements about the equity theory of motivation are correct EXCEPT: a) 23 c) affiliation a) not possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs 30. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. Herzberg recommends using _________ to build motivators into job content. d. goal-setting theory. c. mainly by accident. e) working longer hours. individual. Some people like to knit, others like to carve wood. To defend the self against assault, criticism, and blame. a) Individualistic A PURCHASE DOES NOT INCREASE YOUR CHANCES OF WINNING. b) It should be consistent across different cultures. a) expectancies b) Alderfer's ERG theory. This process was adopted and provided a safer and more efficient way to maintain and clean New York City's sprawling subway. c) Expectancy They want others to respond to their wishes whether or not it is good for the organization. an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. a.) c) Expectancy e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. A need is a human condition that becomes "energized" when people feel deficient in some respect. Ans: e Page: 102 a) MBO Murrays main premise was that people have a variety of needs, but only a few are expressed at a given time. d) Goals are most likely to motivate people toward higher performance when they are accepted and there is commitment to them. Process theories of motivation focus on which of the following? The theory of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory.. c) Existence, relatedness, and growth High-nAch people are not motivated by tasks that are too easy or extremely difficult. Which of the following reflects concerns with expectancy theory? He called the first set motivators (or growth needs). Thus, an employee can be dissatisfied with low pay. e) subconscious goals and conscious goals are not linked, a) difficult goals lead to higher performance than "do your best" or easy goals, ________ conducted research on subconscious goal motivation. With regards to motivation, which of the following best defines direction? Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. They constantly ask how they are doing, sometimes to the point of being a nuisance. The first of these, satisfaction progression, is in basic agreement with Maslows process of moving through the needs. To speculate, formulate, analyze, and generalize. A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. It basically states that people will do those things for which they are rewarded and will avoid doing things for which they are punished. e) In collectivist cultures, people seem to be more concerned about equality than equity. Most counseling theories have been developed: a. in a scientific laboratory. d) valences d) affiliation factors a) Abraham Maslow Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT: contingency. Which of the following statements accurately describes Herzberg's hygiene factors? According to Orem each of the four constituent theories within the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory include all of the following,EXCEPT: ( Multiple Choice) Question 9. E) an attitudinal trait. d) valences b) Social The more we grow, the more we want to grow. To be interested in theory. a. b d) hygiene factors To accomplish something difficult. As you would expect, high-nAff people are very sociable. b) sense of achievement. e) Self-actualization and physiological. In contrast, if high-nAff people perform jobs in isolation from other people, they will be less motivated to perform well. d) Social Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? b) instrumentality is high and expectancy and valence are low Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe motivator factors in the two-factor theory? A common perception about people who perform unskilled jobs is that they are unmotivated and content doing what they are doing. This is in contrast to the thousands of needs that earlier researchers had identified, and also fewer than Murray identified in his theory. d) the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy Herzbergs work suggests a two-stage process for managing employee motivation and satisfaction. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. With no trains running, MTA employees are able to inspect signals, replace rails and crossties, scrape track floors, clean stations, and paint areas that are not reachable during normal train operation. It is too easy. Needs can also be satisfied at some point but become active (dissatisfied) again. High-nPow people do have effective employee behaviors, but at times theyre disruptive. A latent need cannot be inferred from a persons behavior at a given time, yet the person may still possess that need. How? b. Then find the difference between the amount of savings interest and certificate of deposit interest. One major problem with the need approach to motivation is that we can make up a need for every human behavior. a) Lower-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. They include such needs as the need for achievement, for love, and for affiliation (see Table 14.1).4. Pattern B. Rhythmicity C. Dependency D. Open system Answer Key 3. SDT specifies when an activity will be intrinsically motivating and when it will not. B. Instilling faith-hope . It doesnt matter whether the information implies success or failure. trade accounts from customers prepaid expenses cash on hand loan. That is, most people spend much of their lives developing self-esteem and the esteem of others. b) Hierarchy of needs theory To better understand the nAch motive, its helpful to describe high-nAch people. e) relatedness. c) the satisfaction of a need at one level will always decrease its importance and increase the importance of the next lower need. Hygiene needs, on the other hand, must be met to avoid dissatisfaction (but do not necessarily provide satisfaction or motivation).15. To give sympathy and gratify the needs of a helpless object: an infant or any object that is weak, disabled, tired, inexperienced, infirm, defeated, humiliated, lonely, dejected, sick, or mentally confused. a) What may seem fair and equitable to a team leader might be perceived as unfair and inequitable by a team member after comparisons are made with other team members. Forming humanistic-altruistic value system . So, high-nAff employees will be especially motivated to perform well if others depend on them. Long since displaced by more refined theories, hedonism clarifies the idea that needs provide direction for motivation. c) The theory does not account for regression. A high-nPow person may try to convince others to do things that are detrimental to the organization. ERG also focuses attention explicitly on movement through the set of needs in both directions. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo One wonders if athletes like Tim Tebow are self-actualizing when they participate in multiple sporting endeavors at the professional level. Because meeting these needs provides satisfaction, they motivate workers. ( True False) Question 10. According to Suppes, all of the following are functions of theory except a. organizing specific data. d) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence are all high But not all companies battle such low engagement rates. d) Motivation-hygiene theory d) working conditions. Instead, they prefer situations where the outcome is uncertain, but in which they believe they can succeed if they exert enough effort. Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? b) self esteem Which of the following is a limitation of Herzberg's two-factor theory? c) Esteem Many companies are successfully motivating their staff, and working toward more sustainable practices, while improving lives directly. McClellands research is important because much of current thinking about organizational behavior is based on it. Clayton Alderfer observed that very few attempts had been made to test Maslows full theory. Lucretias need to dominate may not be motivating her current behavior because she is with friends instead of coworkers. a. losing one's family b. shame c. arrest d. losing a job, All of the . When extrinsic rewards are present, people do not feel like what they do builds competence, is self-determined, or enhances relationships with others. a) Acquired needs theory b. integrative. That is, before one type of need can manifest itself, other needs must be satisfied. [3] [page needed] Stage theories [ edit] c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards During the process of refining and extending Maslows theory, Alderfer provided another need-based theory and a somewhat more useful perspective on motivation.12 Alderfers ERG theory compresses Maslows five need categories into three: existence, relatedness, and growth.13 In addition, ERG theory details the dynamics of an individuals movement between the need categories in a somewhat more detailed fashion than typically characterizes interpretations of Maslows work. eclectic therapies d. Therapy in which the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly. Manifest needs theory laid the groundwork for later theories, most notably McClellands learned needs theory, that have greatly influenced the study of organizational behavior. But, if they have achievement needs, the job itself creates little motivation to perform. d) Existence, relatedness, and goals Q9 - Rational choice theories developed in the midst of social events that included all of the following EXCEPT: The Drug War. 1999-2023, Rice University. Competition should be encouraged among employees to find and embrace new goals. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. d) power e) relatedness, According to McClelland, someone with a high need for _________ is drawn to interpersonal relationships and opportunities for communication. a) the length of time a person sticks with a given action A disaster may be caused by nature or have human origins c. A disaster always receives widespread media coverage. According to Maslow, when lower-level needs are reactivated, we once again concentrate on that need. Herzberg considered job duties that lead to feelings of achievement and recognition to be motivators. Bhattacharya credits the success of Unilever, and other companies with similar engagement levels, to an emphasis on a sustainable business model. He outlines eight steps that companies take to move sustainability and social responsibility from buzzwords to a company mission capable of motivating employees (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). All of the following are examples of stage theories in development except _____. The need for affiliation (nAff) reflects a desire to establish and maintain warm and friendly relationships with other people. 51. a) opportunity for advancement. Why is this? (Credit: Patrick Cashin/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), Corporate Social Responsibility as a Motivating Force, (Credit: Adrenalin Tim /flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), (Attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC-BY 4.0 license), Satisfying Existence, Relatedness, and Growth Needs, Jamie Dimon, CEO at JP Morgan Chase, is reported to make $27 million dollars per year, and as CEO has an interesting and intrinsically rewarding job. Lucretias chattiness probably indicates her need for affiliation. Content theories explain work motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes, or initiates employee behavior. 57. A need is a human condition that becomes energized when people feel deficient in some respect. b) Physiological d.) esteem and physiological. reflection g. A therapy that uses secondary reinforcements to change behavior. c.) physiological, safety, and social. ______________ is classified as a content theory. abeka curriculum controversy. Whatever their perspective, most people have a cause that they are passionate about. d) Self-actualization The StackCommerce 2023 Travel Giveaway (the "Promotion") begins at 12:00:00 AM Pacific Time ("PT") on March 1st, 2023 and ends at 11:59:00 PM PT on March 31st, 2023 (the "Promotion Period"). Dec 12, 2022 OpenStax. B) an individual's intensity, direction and persistence. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site See Page 1 Section Reference: Types of Motivation Theories Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. b. providing a value system. The distinction between instinctive and learned needs sometimes blurs; for example, is our need to socialize with other people instinctive or learned? Determine the amount of cash collections for the period. b) Social They do it because it is intrinsically motivating; the hobby satisfies needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. e. Carl Jung. A. Florence Nightingale's Environment Theory . a) Existence existence d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. Instead, create even more opportunities for employees to satisfy their needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. d) It holds that people try to resolve the inequities they perceive they are experiencing. For example, by providing adequate pay, safe working conditions, and cohesive work groups, employers help employees satisfy their lower-order needs. Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT: a. behavioral. In McClelland's motivation theory, the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power are developed over time, as a result of life experiences. The use of a formal, written agreement between the therapist and client (or other parties) that clearly states behavioral goals, reinforcements, and penalties. Herzberg argued that there are two sets of needs, instead of the five sets theorized by Maslow. David C. McClelland and his associates (especially John W. Atkinson) built on the work of Murray for over 50 years. a. d) 28 Why or why not? d. through the insights of clinicians d Transpersonal psychology's founders include all of the following except: a. Abraham Maslow b. John Krumboltz c. Stanislav Grof. It focuses on employee motivation,. Any discussion of needs that motivate performance would be incomplete without considering Abraham Maslow.8 Thousands of managers in the 1960s were exposed to Maslows theory through the popular writings of Douglas McGregor.9 Today, many of them still talk about employee motivation in terms of Maslows theory.

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