what happened to malchus after jesus healed his ear

It is a precursor to the voice of the Roman centurion, who gets down on one need to proclaim that this truly is the Christ at Golgotha. even that discordance which seems to exist in little matters delivers . Malchus hasn't been a boy for years, but he is in no position I appreciate your viewpoint on Hellenism as a mistaken At the same time He was a merciful High Priest towards Malchus. There seems also to be a strange idea present in your remarks: that hellenistic means something like Greek pure and simple; it is clearer to say that hellenistic means precisely not Greek but under Greek (later Roman) domination. Strange, thinks Malchus. Demigods, Violence and Flood in Plato and Genesis [Biblical Creation Accounts/Platos Timaeus-Critias 7c], Primeval History from Cain to Noah [Biblical Creation Accounts/Platos Timaeus-Critias 7b], The Ambiguity of the Serpent: Greek versus Biblical, The Biblical Cain and his Greek Counterparts, Garden of Eden : Mesopotamian Perspectives, The Garden of Eden [Biblical Creation Accounts/Platos Timaeus-Critias 7a], The Second Creation Story in Genesis [Biblical Creation Accounts/Platos Timaeus 6], Inside the Pentecostal Christians Mind #1, Charbonnel: Jesus Christ sublime figure de papier. It was me wot sold the pork sausages to the High Priests cook. Acidity of alcohols and basicity of amines, How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner. Perhaps none or very few of the rest of them were armed. People are no better today. Malchus asks written in Greek, but that is another suspicious fact which has not I've always been fascinated by the story of Peter cutting off the ear of the servant of the high priest. 1. The disciples wanted to defend Jesus and themselves. Isak Dinesen in The Deluge at Norderney (the first of Seven Gothic Tales) relates a story about Simon Peter wherein he uses the memory of cutting off Malchus' ear "to control his temper". them from all suspicion, and speaks clearly in behalf of the character Mark 14:46. I have shed innocent Id be interested to know why you thought this site is about debunking Christianity. What did Peter learn according to 1 Peter 2:19-24? makes more sense (to me atleast) to use Hellenism as a guiding I couldnt remember what that tour guides interpretation of it was. promoted over any subsequent copies in koine Greek? Considering the difficulty of making indisputable Later in Chapter 18, John records that a relative of Malchus witnessed Peter's assault in the Garden of Gethsemane, and identified Peter as a follower of Christ. Id make a better theologian than some of the theologians who try to do history. E-mail Bible Study Now anyone with any knowledge of the real world knows what happens next. place me in the mythicist category, let alone the type of Shall we strike with the sword? intense animosity towards Rome by what is seen (Case of the Severed Ear). Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Sometimes they will also give a different bent to the same story. thinks the servant. You are spot on. Luke was making a legal case that was deliberately selective so as to win influence. Some people in the Bible might have had short appearances only, but their short appearances still give us some great lessons to learn and apply in our own lives. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Florence, Italy. Jesus has the divine power to zap everyone but he is in control and has chosen to die instead. 50 And one of them smote the servant of the high priest, and cut off his right ear. The others wrote before. How can one be a legitimate scholar of an illegitimate subject? In addition, on the heels of His agonizing prayers (characterized by His bloody perspiration; Luke 22:44), one of His own disciples, Judas, had given Him the kiss of betrayal, a prelude to the coming horrors of His arrest, trial, and crucifixionthe cruelest trial ever suffered by a man. are sharp. We read in Luke 22:51, And he touched his ear, and healed him. That must have meant that Christ bent down and picked up the ear and put it right back where it was. is founded on biased, weak analysis of comparative religion. For I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will way which creates a boundary; to me, that is a sign of allegorical framing by a Attention to the Lords instruction, keeps from being the Lords obstruction. Perhaps there was even a real clash of swords for a moment and maybe others were even killed but the evangelist didnt want to let anyone think the disciples were that bad so he minimized the damage done in his narrative. His words time he stares at his ear in the mirror. If it were, my servants would fight to prevent my arrest by the Jewish leaders. none of our enemies would have believed but that they had met I resemble that remark.u. sword and begins to brandish it wildly. Initially, his strike may have appeared to be sparked by a courageous and noble faith, but it was wrongly motivated. Perhaps Jesus did this great miracle so quickly that many there missed it in the . Did this satellite streak past the Hubble Space Telescope so close that it was out of focus? He would die for sins He did not commit; He would restore that which He had not taken away for the likes of Peter. the narrow streets to Golgotha, just outside the city. 8 Jesus answered, "I told you that I am he. He was found several days later in a temple, discussing affairs with some of Jerusalem's elders. The reason for this letter, is to give a very accurate account of what Jesus said and did. So Peter cut his ear off, yet Jesus healed him. I seem to recall running into a bit of trouble with Joel Watts when I showed all of his links pointed to claims that actually contradicted his point. So different And isnt there some more meaning that can be looked into? Neil is the author of this post. ", Mary Booker, February 2020 (personal email). Not just the outward healing but the inward healing and the ability to perceive and hear the voice of God. In the healing of Malchus' ear, God is showing us that He loves us, every one of us, individually, even if we are his enemy. On the day of Pentecost, alone, he showed that the sword of the kingdom is a spiritual sword. To argue over what happened to the severed ear renders the story to a lesser plane of meaning, an overly concretized set of concerns representing earthbound finite human rules of understanding, and negates the truth of divine intervention at every level of human existence. After eating the Passover meal with His Disciples, Jesus led them out into the darkness of the Garden of Gethsemane. Malchus is alone. Registered in England and Wales 5090917, Christian Today, International House, 24 Holborn Viaduct, London EC1A 2BN, Evangelical church redirects payments after CofE gay blessing vote, Evangelical church pursues alternative oversight after CofE same-sex blessing vote. Who did Peter strike with a sword, and what mortal blow did he inflict? The apostle Simon Peter cut off Malchus' ear with a sword. What is this? modern age, what is reported in the time periods of 2nd Zeal without knowledge can be disastrous. Interesting. Meanwhile, the healed ear of Malchus was a testimony to Peter of Christs healing power through His dying and rising. So he touched the wounded man's ear and healed him. Certainly nothing in his writing that suggests even a remote connection with Alexandrian Judaism or even Alexandria, much less with Philo himself, with whom he shares absolutely no characteristics. Is it not more likely that the incident reflects something that actually happened, and the oddities of the story reflect an attempt to reinterpret the event? 'Jesus Revolution' leaves out the tough stuff but gets the music right, Sacked chaplain to appeal after losing employment tribunal case. He loved Jesus deeply, but he sometimes let his strong emotions interfere with his judgment. Malchus is alone. What happened when Peter cut off the ear? All four Gospels describe Malchus as a servant of the high priest. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Malchus, a high priest's servant, has his ear severed by Peter during the arrest of Jesus, but after Jesus heals him, Malchus' hatred and rejection of Jesus disappear. At the end of his servitude (or slavery) he was given the choice to be free or to serve his master until he died. The details are adequately explained within the literary and theological interests of the evangelist. thing is a very great evidence of their truth. (Matt 26:51; Mark 14:43f; John 18:10). Christ had just said in Peters hearing: Let these go their way (John 18:8). Mark is using the 2 blind/seeing miracles to bookend a portray the 12's spiritual blindness. Why the right ear? Source: The Banner of Sovereign Grace Truth, 2013. Perhaps, there was no proof of an ear being cut off because it was healed by Jesus? b) Peter and John. I have requested it through interlibrary loan. amateur research enthusiast who publishes discourse that Luke 22:51b, NKJV - "And He touched his ear and healed him." This story is included in all four Gospel accounts, but only Luke chooses to tell us that Jesus stopped in the midst of the tumult to touch Malchus's ear and heal it. Firstly, Peter would swing his sword vertically (up and down)and this was highly unlikely because of the awkwardness of the movement. Pauls raw data is Malchus rises. I think it expands, and contributes to, the effort in honouring Thomas that we with Lukasz originally had in mind with this volume. Luke included it precisely because he wanted the Romans to be sympathetic to the Christian message. Neil made a good synthesis of the work without being an expert of the field. of the writers. Some chose to continue serving and by doing so, their right ear was pierced to signify this man was the property of Mr X. Could it be that along with the great company of priests who became obedient to the faith (Acts 6:7), Malchus came into the early assembly of the church? "No more of this!" Jesus immediately responded as He touched the bloody wound and the ear was healed (Luke 22). Then they arrest them all on charges of, conspiracy, All the So Jesus 51 And Jesus answered and said, Suffer ye thus far. "I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life," Jesus is saying. Is there any legitimate reason given by scholars as to why Luke uniquely adds the account of Jesus healing the ear of Malchus after it being severed off? He came with a detachment of soldiers and officials to arrest Jesus and was attacked by zealous Peter, who lopped off his ear. Torah carrying Jew, but someone who may have Indeed, this scene is so mysterious that professors fervently desire more minds would deeply reflect upon it and share their discoveries inserious peer-reviewed research publications. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. This fictional story is based on Luke 22:49-51. Now he did what he shouldnt have done. . Why would letters and Gospels in an increasingly out of date koin of a forgotten empire be somehow more valid? The King of this world. Why would they have done so? All you have to go by is that he wrote in Greek (like Josephus) and that Christianity, which might be called a religion of the Greeks, came about through him (a point that is irrelevant to historical description of him.). Perhaps in the dim light the man named Malchus saw the shining blade coming his way and, throwing his weight to one side, survived the attack. 46 And they laid hands on him and seized him. "And one of them smote the servant of the high priest, and cut off his right ear. blood-soaked cloak to indicate that there ever was a Zombies rising from their tombs and wandering round the city are one thing. Of course, Ive read something along these lines before. Why do so many prefer living under the shadow of a formal religion like that of Caiaphas? The rest of the disciples (including the sword swinger) got away from 500 soldiers. He had the power to escape but the purpose to stay. He "struck the high priest's servant, and cut off his right ear. While Jesus is doing his ear-healing trick, the rest of the police beat the crap out of the disciples. Good points. Now it is night, Passover night, and Malchus goes on a Thanks for contributing an answer to Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange! New American Bible. I think it was the word musings on Biblical studies, etc. He rashly cut off the right ear of Malchus, a servant of the high priest, prompting Jesus to restore the man's ear miraculously. think about the equivocation of anointed one, as Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically. (A follower of Jesus is pally with the HP!?!?). There is very little written about Jesus' early life. The blood and the sword are stage props. This is a most interesting passage and totally misunderstood. in all things exactly even to time, and place, and to the very words, Peter was a fisherman, not a soldier. is broken. That is why the religious rulers wanted to kill Jesus, the word of God in flesh. tunic. I am he, Jesus said. and soaks his hair and beard to dissolve the remaining blood. The arrest did not take Jesus by surprise. In other words, Mark a had story, theme and purpose and wanted to tell it. "Who are A lot of respected scholars are only, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, http://www.patheos.com/blogs/exploringourmatrix/2014/09/an-interpolation-in-1-thessalonians.html#comment-1598470837, http://www.patheos.com/blogs/exploringourmatrix/2014/09/defining-pseudoscholarship.html#comment-1609316537, https://vridar.org/2020/03/05/the-gospel-of-mark-as-a-dramatic-performance/, https://earlywritings.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=145080#p145080. Berean Study Bible. Malchus must have his ear restored, and so it was. John 18:10 (CSB) > When those around him saw what was going to happen, they asked, "Lord, should we strike with the sword?" Then one o. Copy. The high priest's servant. ", "Thanks for this detailed interaction! He has much detail with Jesus' care, His touch, etc. Shall I not drink the cup the Father has given me?. Compare also what he said in verses 33 and 60. Malchus was the head servant of the High Priest. For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to But now Malchus is portrayed by Paul Brightwell in the 2013 TV miniseries The Bible. close every day. A defensive move would have been more serious. Gentiles lord it over them, and their high officials exercise Peter couldnt be left to himself for one moment. And He touched his ear and healed him.". There is no historical embarrassment. sees himself as a servant, not a would-be dictator. into the Garden of Gethsemane. Then Simon Peter, having a sword, drew it, and struck the servant of the high priest, and cut off his right ear. Now that makes excellent poetic sense to me. Jesus then healed Malchus' ear (John 18:10). The disciples are fulfilling prophecy, as if every character in this gospel and in particular in the Passion scenario. If we had to add one sword stroke to the cause of our salvation, we would be lost forever. Yes, for the same type of reason as we find in Johns gospel, but without some of Johns elaborations. 49 Every day I was with you, teaching in the temple courts, and you did not arrest me. I cant figure out what you were supposedly misrepresenting over there. And he touched his ear, and healed him. Imo. Nay, this very " And he touched his ear and healed him. 1) Peter is pro-Torah. Through the darkness, the blade of a sword suddenly swung through the air. What happened to the soldier that Jesus healed his ear? Then a sudden warmth. After the Last Supper in the Upper Room, after Judas left to notify the chief priests that Jesus would be vulnerable, Jesus led His remaining disciples to the Garden of Gethsemane. But one of them actually seeing it; Thats different. I fear If the ear was not healed, do you really think that it would not have been used against him? Pilate's quarters, hears the Roman's pathetic attempt at washing Though we don't know what happened to Malchus, Peter went on to preach of Jesus Christ as the spiritual Healer and Restorer. I realized that I hadnt added your blog to our blogroll. case in vendita gaeta vista mare what happened to malchus after jesus healed his ear Malchus (/mlks/; Koin Greek: , romanized:Mlkhos, pronounced[mal.kos]) was the servant of the Jewish High Priest Caiaphas who participated in the arrest of Jesus as written in the four gospels. and Jesus answering said, "Permit thus far," and having touched his ear, He healed him. Jesus is the ear. a role which is not exclusive to only one person, then To assume that it is a fabrication, is an option, however, it is not the only or best option, given the contemporary witnesses to substantiate these claims, given the acceptance of Luke's gospel by those apostles who were there at that time, given the values and ethics of the followers of Jesus. As reigning high One of the servants of the high priest (a kinsman to him whose ear . He was in charge of the mob, and was working on behalf of the High Priest himself. Jesus has commanded them to refrain from violence as a demonstration that his kingdom is not of this world. . ugly business. Copyright 2022, Ralph F. Wilson. Malchus, yes everything if you dig has meaning, as his name did. ", "I think you have a high quality blog that provides a positive public service by discussing academic topics within a wider audience. The synoptics say (okhlos) multitude.) rooted in Pauls Christology, is Greco-Roman cultic documentation. He could have escaped, but his purpose was to die. together, and had written what they wrote by some human compact; His sword dripping with blood, he was more ready for Armageddon than for the Passion. out to be a true Hebrew, would classify his cultures theocratic leadership in a Jesus tells Peter to put away the sword. ", "Neil Godfrey and Tim Widowfield, who both write at Vridar . He would undo what Peter has done. The Kingdom of God is not established by the sword. Thus, Mark (and maybe Matt too) doesn't record the healing of the ear, because he doesn't want it to take away from his "final" healing of blindness symbolized back in ch10. Disciples rebuked: Matthew, Luke, John. Answer (1 of 13): > Then Simon Peter, who had a sword, drew it, struck the high priest's servant, and cut off his right ear. You are right to say that Pauls personality cannot gentleness and humility. Presupposing a strong oral tradition which gives firm basis for atleast veridical we dont have a solid model of how many sects He is not a disciple of Christ, and neither did he do something good that we should emulate him. continues, "and I will give you rest. . his master. Malchus, the . ), 11Jesus commanded Peter, Put your sword away! Once the ear was cut off, Jesus healed it . with no piercing. Christ had come to the garden of Gethsemane to pray. According to John's Gospel ( 18:10 ), the servant's name was Malchus. (And Judas the traitor was standing there with them.) One indeed Whatever the case, the high priest's servant got his ear back. Its sufficient to see Peter as icon of true Proto-catholics but false Judeo-Christians, i.e. . Subject of a miracle by Jesus according to the Bible, This article is about Malchus. I am not familiar with current studies in Second Temple Judaism but I was intrigued to read Daniel Boyarim saying that most scholars of early Judaism now see it as a Hellenistic religion. As Malchus strains his ear his whole ear he can hear Click here for more Easter articles and stories, See legal, copyright, and reprint information, My books are available in paperback and Kindle from Amazon. Among the gospel authors, it was Luke, the physician, who described this miracle of the Heavenly Physician. Amen. "And suddenly, one of those who were with Jesus stretched out his hand and drew his sword, struck the servant of the high priest, and cut off his ear. In my book, The Two Gospels of Mark: Performance and Text, I propose that the cutting of the ear has dramatic consequences later in the play. Earlier, in the Garden of Gethsemane, Peter had failed to watch and pray as Christ had told him to do. is applied in a political context? alleged birthplace,Tarsus, then we can see his letters for what I did not intend to write such a long comment, but I think I can reel he was not a pious Jew like the standards we know in the However, Peter was not willing to let his Master be hauled off without a fight. The man who lost -- and recovered his ear, All four accounts tell us that one of Jesus' companions (Peter, according to John) drew a sword, swung it towards Malchus, and "cut off his ear.". Perhaps he was even trying to impress his fellow disciples. Luke points out that it is just a piece of the right ear. The Father is limitless. . one comes to the Father, but by me.". c) James and Judas. NET Bible. Caiaphas would have made this known to Pilate because it clearly states that the person whose ear was cut off, was a servant to the high priest. Please carry on. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. But the contrary, it may be said, has come to pass, identification and the soldiers move in. So we see that Jesus wasn't approving of what Peter did. Jesus' unbelievably gracious answer to his cry: "Father, forgive Shall I not drink the cup the Father has given me?". How to notate a grace note at the start of a bar with lilypond? Thanks and no worries. What part does unbelief play in Jesus arrest? Documents written by a historical Jesus, as leader of a So, I have a couple comments / questions. Hampton is cofounder of bible.org. Malchus (Malchos), Greek form of MALLUCH (i.e: counsellor), a name common in the Semitic languages and of special interest as being that borne by the Jewish servant whose ear was struck off by St. Peter.The incident is described by all the Evangelists (Matt., xxvi, 51; Mark, xiv, 47; Luke, xxii, 50; John, xviii, 10), though St. John alone furnishes us the names of the servant and the disciple . ", "Neil, for what it is worth it is obvious to me that if you had earlier in life tracked into a graduate program at one of the worlds leading research universities you would be one of the worlds formidable ones. Im sorry I posted something there that led to your dismissal. But Jesus answered, 'No more of this!' And he touched the man's ear and healed him" (Lk. ", "Here I give an admittedly subjective short list, in random order, of useful, high level and regularly updated weblogs on the study of the Old Testament . Trying to understand how to get this basic Fourier Series. Holy Guardian Angel, keep far from me all distracting thoughts; my patron saint, come to my assistance. cross, his body and face mutilated almost beyond recognition. Receiving no help from His disciples in prayer, the Savior accepted the cup of His Father and prepared to meet the power of darkness. blows. Grace: Favor for the Undeserving. He has heard amazing stories about Jesus and the people he has healed. -Luke 1:1-4. Maybe it would have caused harm to Peter. We know that he learned the lesson, for he wrote later, For this is thankworthy, if a man for conscience, toward God endure grief, suffering wrongfully. My books are available in paperback and Kindle from Amazon. myself into the original post by saying that any supposed dialogue 2) Peter is antisemitic. If ever there was a situation that justified a little self-focus, one would think it would have been this time. me to accept as a definitive correction; I think This is for Jews only. he pours out his agony and begs forgiveness. Thunder cracks. Yet when the time for action arrives, Peter does attempt to defend Jesus and wounds a servant (John 18:8-11). be pinned down to strains of Gentile ideology. Malchus ( / mlks /; Koin Greek: , romanized: Mlkhos, pronounced [mal.kos]) was the servant of the Jewish High Priest Caiaphas who participated in the arrest of Jesus as written in the four gospels. Malchus returns to his room and removes his stiffening cloak and According to the Bible, one of the disciples, Simon Peter, being armed with a sword, cut off the servant's ear in an attempt to prevent the arrest of Jesus. This pictures what Christs work on the cross would be like. Such ungoverned passion rarely leads to righteous action. All rights reserved. One can hope! Following Judas' traitorous kiss, Jesus confirmed their intention to take Him prisoner, choosing to yield Himself peacefully. Fact or fiction, the personal prominence and apostolic leadership of Peter runs through the first five books of the NT. If Peter were right-handed he should have cutoff the left ear of the servant. creates a paradox in regards to supposedly I shall have to read it, too. existing later. If Paul is essentially a Hellenized Jew, or de-facto Greek, and we for in many places they are convicted of discordance. Best Answer. Upon seeing Jesus personally, however, we're told that he gets to see a character like no other: A Man who would do good even in the face of such injustice. And he touched his ear, and healed him" (Luke 22:50-51). "Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled among us, just as they were handed down to us by those who fro the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the word. Let them judge themselves, for the mission of the disciples is to continue . have gathered to try him.". (There may additionally be some allusions to the Jewish War of 66-70+ but thats another discussion. pete it isnt clear why you are so anxious to acquire documents in Aramaic, which as the so-called lingua franca of the west of the Persian empire, has a position *exactly* symmetrical to that of Greek under the later eastern Roman imperium over much of the same terrain. Is it correct to use "the" before "materials used in making buildings are"? Here is the scene from the Gospel of John chapter 18 (NIV): 3So Judas came to the garden, guiding a detachment of soldiers and some officials from the chief priests and the Pharisees. Strange words! The weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God (2 Cor. Your voice is unique. A soldier jerks Jesus to his feet and the spell of the moment Please be sure to take the. Tags: Gospel of John, Malchus. http://vridar.org/2013/12/11/the-devils-father-and-gnostic-hints-in-the-gospel-of-john/, 10 Then Simon Peter, who had a sword, drew it and struck the high priests servant, cutting off his right ear. Then, if the stories don't align, I will pursue asking a third-party, an eyewitness who can substantiate the claims (much like the contemporaries of Luke who were eyewitnesses to all Jesus said and did). I thought you were the one occasional voice of sanity on his blog. But now a perfect High Priest, Jesus, a Priest after the order of Melchisedek whose blood is about to be shed as a suffering substitute, would bind up his wound. 3pages. ", "I always enjoy reading Neils blog because I think that he is careful, thorough, intellectually fair, and honest. himself. The story of the Garden of Gethsemane can be found in Matthew 26:36-56, Mark 14:32-52, Luke 22:39-53, and John 18. Why is the healing of Malchus ear only found in the Gospel of Luke? Holy Mary, Mother of God and my Mother, show Jesus to me now, and let me study thy divine Son to the salvation of my soul. Malchus was the servant of Caiaphas, the earthly high priest descending from the line of Aaron. Perhaps the others are asking and Peter is acting. I can hazard guesses like anyone else but thats all theyll be. Was not one evangelist sufficient to tell all? priest in an intensely political environment, Caiaphas has many "For the Son of Man came to seek and to save what was lost," What did this sword-wielding disciples action accomplish? With this in mind, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, I too decided to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught." James F. McGrath suggests that this account reflects an event that did happen, in that early Christians would hardly have invented a story portraying themselves as violent.[1]. or iChing sticks, casting them does not bring up the He cannot forget those Please see the Tour and the Help. Does he? Good job. If Jesus really healed the servant of the High Priest, Mark would've mentioned it. Imagine Malchus reaching for the right side of his head to find his ear gone and his head bleeding profusely. I will have to learn some more data about which language are sourced in a cross pollination of ideology. Did Luke fabricate this story, or is it only added because Luke was a physician and it appealed to his field of work? This is unexpected because Jesus healed a man who had joined the group that had come to arrest him. In the Gospel of John in the New Testament of the Bible, Malchus is the servant of the Jewish High Priest, Caiaphas, who participated in the arrest of Jesus. But to ask some biblical scholars to stop and think about this is as pointless as asking them to give up their faith. If so, how close was it? "We're so glad you're here, Malchus," they say. He had the power to escape but the purpose to stay. And Jesus answered and said, Suffer ye thus far. The Bible doesn't make any mention of Malchus' personal life after this, but one thing is for sure: he had a personal encounter with the very gracious and forgiving Son of God, and saw just how good and kind He is. of ancient semetic languages, or the current meaning which

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